Logical Fallacy Definitions
This deck reviews the definitions of various logical fallacies.
30 Cards
1 Groups
Updated more than 2 years ago
Author: Hippocampus Labs
Cards (30)
Question
What is a Straw Man fallacy?
Answer
A Straw Man fallacy occurs when someone misrepresents an argument to make it easier to attack by exaggerating, misquoting, or fabricating aspects of that argument.
Question
What fallacy involves misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack?
Answer
Straw Man fallacy
Question
What characterizes an Ad Hominem fallacy?
Answer
An Ad Hominem fallacy involves attacking the character or traits of the person making an argument rather than the argument itself, to undermine the argument without addressing its merits.
Question
Which fallacy attacks the character or traits of the person making an argument rather than the argument itself?
Answer
Ad Hominem fallacy
Question
How is a False Dilemma fallacy presented?
Answer
A False Dilemma fallacy is presented when an argument erroneously restricts the options to two choices, ignoring other alternatives, to force a particular outcome.
Question
Which fallacy restricts options to two choices, ignoring other alternatives?
Answer
False Dilemma fallacy
Question
What defines a Slippery Slope fallacy?
Answer
A Slippery Slope fallacy asserts that a relatively small first step leads to a chain of related events culminating in some significant effect, without sufficient evidence that this progression will occur.
Question
What fallacy claims that a small first step will lead to a chain of related events resulting in some significant effect, without sufficient evidence?
Answer
Slippery Slope fallacy
Question
What is the Circular Reasoning fallacy?
Answer
Circular Reasoning is a fallacy in which the conclusion of an argument is used as a premise to support itself, essentially arguing in a circle without providing valid justification.
Question
What is the name of the fallacy where the conclusion of an argument is used as a premise to support itself?
Answer
Circular Reasoning fallacy
Question
Can you identify a Hasty Generalization fallacy?
Answer
A Hasty Generalization fallacy occurs when a broad conclusion is drawn from a small or unrepresentative sample of data, leading to an unsupported claim about a larger group.
Question
Which fallacy draws a broad conclusion from a small or unrepresentative sample?
Answer
Hasty Generalization fallacy
Question
What is a Red Herring fallacy?
Answer
A Red Herring fallacy involves introducing an irrelevant or distracting topic into an argument to divert attention from the original issue.
Question
What is the name of the fallacy that involves introducing an irrelevant topic to divert attention from the original issue?
Answer
Red Herring fallacy
Question
Describe the Appeal to Ignorance fallacy?
Answer
An Appeal to Ignorance fallacy occurs when one asserts that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proven false, or vice versa, leveraging the absence of evidence as evidence.
Question
What fallacy occurs when one asserts that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proven false, or vice versa?
Answer
Appeal to Ignorance fallacy
Question
What is an Appeal to Authority fallacy?
Answer
An Appeal to Authority fallacy happens when an argument relies heavily on the opinion of someone deemed an authority, rather than on strong evidence or reasoning.
Question
Which fallacy relies on the opinion of someone deemed an authority, rather than on strong evidence or reasoning?
Answer
Appeal to Authority fallacy
Question
What typifies a No True Scotsman fallacy?
Answer
A No True Scotsman fallacy is typified by revising a generalization to exclude a counterexample by appealing to purity as an excuse, often arbitrarily redefining the criteria.
Question
What fallacy involves revising a generalization to exclude a counterexample by appealing to purity as an excuse?
Answer
No True Scotsman fallacy
Question
How does Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc fallacy work?
Answer
The Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc fallacy involves claiming that because one event follows another, the first event must have caused the second event, confusing correlation with causation.
Question
What fallacy involves claiming that because one event follows another, the first must have caused the second?
Answer
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc fallacy
Question
What is a Loaded Question fallacy?
Answer
A Loaded Question fallacy involves asking a question that has a presupposition built in, which implies something to be true without evidence or argument.
Question
Which fallacy asks a question that has a presupposition built in, implying something to be true without evidence?
Answer
Loaded Question fallacy
Question
What is a Bandwagon fallacy?
Answer
A Bandwagon fallacy is the error of assuming that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.
Question
What is the error of assuming that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable?
Answer
Bandwagon fallacy
Question
Identify an example of a False Cause fallacy?
Answer
A False Cause fallacy occurs when a causal connection is assumed in a correlation simply because one event follows another, without evidence for such a connection.
Question
What fallacy occurs when a causal connection is assumed in a correlation simply because one event follows another?
Answer
False Cause fallacy
Question
What is a Gambler's Fallacy?
Answer
The Gambler's Fallacy is the erroneous belief that separate, independent events can affect the likelihood of another random event, such as believing that a flipped coin is 'due' to land on heads after several tails.
Question
What is the fallacy called where one believes that separate, independent events can affect the likelihood of another random event?
Answer
Gambler's Fallacy